1.23.1 Among the things the Greeks [Hellēnes] say is that there were Seven Wise [Sophoi] Men. Two of them were the tyrant [turannos] [Pittakos] of Lesbos and Periandros [of Corinth] the son of Kypselos. And yet Peisistratos and his son Hippias were more humane [philanthrōpoi] than Periandros, also more skilled [sophoi] in warfare and in the proper-arrangement [kosmos] of citizens [polītai], until, on account of the murder of Hipparkhos, Hippias went the other way as he yielded to his anger [thūmos], especially with regard to a woman whose name was Leaina [meaning ‘Lioness’].

1.23.2 What I am about to say has never before been committed to a [historical] write-up [sungraphē], but it is generally given credence by most Athenians. When Hipparkhos died, Hippias subjected Leaina to degradations that led to her death, because he understood that she was the mistress [hetaira] of Aristogeiton and therefore could not possibly, he thought, be in ignorance of the plot [bouleuma]. In compensation, when the tyranny [turannis] of the Peisistratidai was brought to an end, the Athenians set up a bronze [statue of a] lioness [leaina] in memory [mnēmē] of the woman. The statue was a dedication initiated by Kallias, and the work [ergon] [on the statue] was done by Kalamis.

1.23.3 Close by is a bronze statue [andrias] of Diitrephes shot through by arrows.^* Among the things accomplished by this Diitrephes as reported by the Athenians is his leading back home the Thracian mercenaries who arrived too late to take part in the expedition of Demosthenes against Syracuse. He also made a landing at Euripos-at-Khalkis, where the Boeotians had an inland town Mykalessos, marched up to this town from the coast, and captured it. Of the inhabitants the Thracians killed not only the combatants but also the women and children. There is-evidence [martureîn] for me [to cite]. All the Boeotian cities [poleis] that the Thebans captured were inhabited [oikeîsthai] in my time, since the people escaped just before the capture. So, if the barbarians had not killed off the people of Mykalessos the survivors would have afterwards reoccupied the city [polis].

1.23.4 It was such a great wonder [thauma] for me to see the likeness [eikōn] of Diitrephes pierced with arrows. I say this because the only Greeks [Hellēnes] for whom it is a local-thing [epikhōrion] to use-bow-and-arrows [toxeuein] are the Cretans. After all, the men of Opountian Lokris, whom Homer made [poieîn] to be carrying bows [toxa] and slings [sphendonai] when they came to Ilion [= Troy], we know were-armed-as-heavy-infantry [hoplīteuein] by the time of the Persian wars. Nor for that matter did the Malians continue the practice [meletē] of using bow-and-arrows [toxa]; even more, I think that they did not know it before the time of Philoctetes, and they gave it up soon after. Near the Diitrephes—I do not wish to write down [graphein] the less distinguished likenesses [eikones]—are statues [agalmata] of gods; of Hygieia, who they say is the daughter of Asklepios, and of Athena, who also has this name Hygieia by way of epithet [epiklēsis].

1.23.5 There is also a stone [lithos], not very big but just large enough to serve as a seat for a little man. On it they say Silenos rested when Dionysus came to the land. I-say-this-because [gar] the oldest of the Satyrs they call Silenoi. Wishing to know better than most people who the Satyrs are, I got into conversations [logoi] with many about this very matter. Euphemos, a man from Caria, said that on a voyage to Italy he was driven off-course by winds and was carried into the outer sea, beyond the trajectory of seamen. He affirmed that there were many uninhabited islands while others were inhabited [oikeîn] by wild [agrioi] men. The sailors did not wish to make a landing at the second islands,

1.23.6 because, having made a landing before, they had some experience of the inhabitants [enoikoûntes], but on this occasion they would have to be violently-forced [biasthênai] [to make a landing]. The islands were called Satyrides by the sailors, and the inhabitants [enoikoûntas] were rustic, and had upon their flanks tails not much smaller than those of horses. As soon as they noticed their visitors, they ran down to the ship without a shout and assaulted the women in the ship. To end it all, the sailors in fear tossed over [to them] on the island a barbarian woman, whom the Satyrs outraged [hubrizein] not only in the usual way, but also all over her body.

1.23.7 Having viewed [theâsthai] other things also on the Athenian Acropolis, I know them. There is a bronze boy holding the sprinkler [peri-rrhantērion], by Lykios son of Myron. And there is Myron’s Perseus, [shown] right after having just done [ergazesthai] the Deed [ergon] with regard to Medusa. There is also a sanctuary [hieron] of Artemis Braurōniā; the statue [agalma] is the work of Praxiteles, and the goddess [theos (feminine)] derives her name from the deme [dēmos] of Brauron. The old wooden-statue [xoanon] is in Brauron, the Artemis in-Tauroi [Taurikē], as she is called.

1.23.8 There is the horse called Dourios [‘Wooden’] set up there, made of bronze. That the work [poiēma] of Epeios [= the ‘Wooden Hourse’] was a mechanism [mēkhanēma] to make a breach in the Trojan wall is known to everybody who does not attribute utter credulity to the Phrygians [= the Trojans]. But it is said about that horse that it contained the best [aristoi] of the Greeks [Hellēnes], and the figuring [skhēma] of the bronze fits in well with what is said about it. Menestheus and Teukros are peeping out of it, and so too are the sons of Theseus.

1.23.9 Of the statues [andriantes] that stand behind the horse, the likeness [eikōn] of Epikharinos who perfected the footrace-in-armor [hoplītodrameîn] was made [poieîn] by Kritios, while the credit goes to Oinobios for the fine work [ergon] with regard to [the likeness of] Thucydides the son of Oloros.^* Oinobios had succeeded in getting a decree [psēphisma] passed for the return of Thucydides to Athens, but he was treacherously murdered as he was returning, and there is a tomb [mnēma] for him not far from the gate known as the Melitides.

1.23.10 Things to be said with regard to Hermolykos, who competed in the pankration, also with regard to Phormion,^* the son of Asopikhos, I omit, since others have written down [graphein] those things. About Phormion, however, I have one further thing to write down [graphein]. Quite one of the best men in Athens and distinguished for the fame [doxa] of his ancestors, he happened to be heavily in debt. So, he withdrew to the deme [dēmos] Paiania and lived there until the Athenians elected him to command a naval expedition. But he refused the office on the grounds that before his debts were discharged he lacked the mind-set [phronēma] to face his troops. So, the Athenians, who were absolutely determined to have Phormion as commander, paid all his creditors.